The Effect of Saffron Aqueous Extract and Crocin on PTSD Rat Models: The Focus on Learning and Spatial Memory

Background & Objective:  Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety reaction, which occurs as a result of encountering a seriously traumatic event during one’s lifetime. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of saffron aqueous extract and crocin on spatial memory and learning with the Barnes maze in a PTSD model on male Wistar rats (Weighting 200–250 gr). Materials & Methods:  Wistar rats (n=48) were randomly divided into two groups: PTSD and non-PTSD. The PTSD group first received intra-cerebero-ventricular (ICV) administration of 10 µg/rat aqueous saffron extract, crocin or saline and then an electric foot shock. After 21 days, both groups were returned to the electric shock box in order to remember stressors without receiving any shocks. Corticosterone levels were then measured in the samples. Concurrently, a digital camera was recording the animals’ behaviors. Upon this, spatial learning and memory was assessed for five consecutive days.  Results:  The saffron extract and crocin caused a significant increase (P<0.001) in corticosterone levels and a significant reduction (P<0.05) in freezing behavior, as well as a significant difference (P<0.001) in spatial learning of the two groups. Conclusion:  Our results indicate the potential role of saffron aqueous extract and its active derivative (crocin) in improving behavioral symptoms and spatial learning in PTSD models.